| LABOUR, EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES |
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EMPLOYMENT IN THE ORGANISED SECTOR |
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EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN IN ORGANISED SECTOR |
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UN-EMPLOYMENT SCENARIO IN THE STATE |
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UN-EMPLOYMENT SITUATION IN ASSAM AND INDIA
AS PER RESULTS OF THE 57TH ROUND NATIONAL SAMPLE SURVEY |
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CENSUS OF ASSAM GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES |
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EMPLOYMENT GENERATION PROGRAMME |
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AVERAGE DAILY WAGE RATE IN RURAL AREAS |
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INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES |
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| EMPLOYMENT IN THE ORGANISED SECTOR |
16.1.0
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The
network of employment exchanges collect information relating to employment
from all the Establishments under Public and Private Sector having
10 or more workers under Employment Reporting System. The Employment
Market Information (EMI) units under the Employment Market Information
Programme collect the information relating to employment position
in the organised sector of the State. The data so collected reveals
that during the year 2002, the employment in the Public Sector has
shown a marginal increase of 0.85 per cent while in the private sector
has decreased by 8.48 per cent over that of the previous year. The
table 16.1 shows
the employment trend in both public and private sectors in Assam for
the last few years. |
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| EMPLOYMENT OF
WOMEN IN ORGANISED SECTOR: |
16.2.0.
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The
employment of women in organised sector of the State was 362.0 thousand
at the end of December 2001 accounting for 32.0 per cent of the total
employment. At the end of December 2002 the same has decreased to
321.9 thousand showing a share of 29.7 per cent to total employment.
It is observed that women employment in public sector has marginally
increased by 2.6 per cent while the same has decreased by 14.7 per
cent in private sector in 2002. Table
16.2 exhibits the employment of women in organised sector
for last five years. |
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Click here to view the Graphical Represantation of Employment
Situation in Assam |
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Click here to view the Graphical Represantation of Employment
in Public and Private Sectors in Assam |
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Click here to view the Graphical Represantation of Employment
of Woman in Organised Sectors in Assam |
| UN-EMPLOYMENT
SCENARIO IN THE STATE: |
16.3.0.
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As
per data available from the Employment Exchanges of Assam the total
job seekers in the Live Register increased to 15,71,966 at the end
of December 2002 from 15,24,616 at the end of December 2001, thereby
showing an increase by 3.1 per cent. But, the placements have decreased
to 747 from 942 during the same period under reference showing a decrease
of 20.7 per cent. The Table
16.3 shows the district-wise job seekers along with the
vacancy notified and placement in the State. |
16.3.1.
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The
most alarming feature of the State is the growing unemployment problem.
The job-seekers specially educated job-seekers are increasing day
by day. From the record of the Live Register of Employment Exchanges,
the registered educated job seekers stood at 1045940 (Provisional)
at the end of December 2002. The percentage of educated job seekers
to total job-seekers was 67 percent approximately, and out of the
educated job seekers 54 per cent was H. S. L. C. passed, 29 per cent
was H. S. S. L. C. passed, 14 per cent was Graduate and the rest consist
of Technical Graduate (Engineering, Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary
etc.) and Post-Graduate job-seekers. The detail distribution of the
educated job-seekers are shown in Table
16.4 |
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It
may however be mentioned here that Employment Exchange’s data
no doubt provide an idea about the dimension of the problem but it
has also got some limitations so far as the coverage of total unemployed
persons of the State is concerned. It is a fact that all unemployed
persons of the State are not registered with the Employment Exchanges
due to various reasons. On the other hand, all persons registered
with the Employment Exchanges also cannot be said to be totally unemployed
since some of them might already be self-employed or partially employed
while some other might have registered seeking higher status employment
from the existing low status employment. |
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| UN-EMPLOYMENT
SITUATION IN ASSAM AND INDIA AS PER RESULTS OF THE 57TH ROUND NATIONAL
SAMPLE SURVEY |
16.3.2.
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The
National Sample Survey Organisation regularly carry out a survey on
employment and un-employment in the country. In this survey an unemployed
person is considered to be the “person not working but seeking
and/or available for work (by usual status)”. As per results
of 57th Round of the Survey during the year 2001-2002 the number of
unemployed per 1000 persons by broad usual activity in Assam were
21 persons in Rural Areas against 5 persons at all-India level. Similarly
the unemployed per 1000 persons in Urban Areas in the State were 20
persons against 14 persons in all India indicating thereby the greater
dimension of unemployment in the State in comparison to the position
in the country as a whole. The sex-wise unemployed in Urban and Rural
areas per 1000 persons for 2001-2002 are shown in Table
16.5. |
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| CENSUS OF ASSAM
GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES: |
16.4.0
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As
per the latest data available from the Assam Government Employees
Census, the total number of employees stood at 3.26 lakh as on 31st
March, 1999 as against 3.04 lakh as on 31st March, 1994. Thus, the
number of employees has recorded an increase of 7.24 per cent during
the period from 01.04.94 to 31.03.99. The Table
16.6 shows the distribution of Government Employees according
to the status/caste/tribes and sex as per Employees Census, 1999.
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As
per Census, the proportion of different categories of employees by
status to the total State Government employees as on 31st March, 1999
were, Grade I-2.5 per cent, Grade II- 2.8 per cent, Grade III- 76.7
per cent and GradeIV-17.9 per cent. The female employees accounted
for about 17 per cent of the total employees, as on the said date.
On the other hand, the percentage of employees belonging to Scheduled
Caste, Scheduled Tribe (P), Scheduled Tribe (H), and Other Backward
Classes were of the order of 6.8 per cent, 10.2 per cent, 2.3 per
cent and 50.26 per cent respectively of the total State Government
employees. |
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| EMPLOYMENT
GENERATION PROGRAMME: |
16.5.0
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In
the context of limitations of job opportunities in the Government
sector, the importance and necessity of creating more and more self-employment
opportunities has assumed special significance not only for providing
employment avenues but also for accelerating the pace of development
of the State’s economy. For expansion of Self-employment avenues
among the rural as well as urban unemployed youths in the State, various
schemes/programmes are being undertaken by the State Government through
various organisations like, the Panchayat and Rural Development Department,
Directorate of Industries and Commerce, Khadi and Village Industries
etc.. The achievements under these programmes are found to be by and
large encouraging as evident from information available from the concerned
organisations. The achievements are briefly described as follows: |
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I. Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY): This
programme is comprehensive and covers all aspects of self-employment
such as, organisation of the rural poor into Self Help Group (SHG),
training, credit, technology infrastructure and marketing. For implementation
of this programme, the Government has fixed a target of Rs.100.00
crore of credit mobilization through the programme for creating self
employment avenues under which Rs.60.92 crore were mobilised upto
the end of March 2003. The DRDA at the District level is the sole
authority for implementation of the programme in the concerned district.
During the year 2002-2003 an amount of Rs.3587.09 lakh was spent under
the programme and the number of individual Swarojgaries assisted were
5043 and number of groups Swarojgaries were 3078 under SHGs. The percentage
of achievements were 40.73 and 82.85 respectively. The physical achievement
under the programme during the year 2001-2002 was 48.06 per cent for
Individual Swarojgaries and 57.00 per cent for Group Swarojgaries
against the target fixed for the year. |
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II. Special SGSY: This programme is being implemented
since 1999-2000 in the form of “Golden Thread” for development
of the indigenous Eri and Muga industry of Assam in some selected
districts of the State. The targeted year of completion of the project
was 2002-2003. Upto the end of the year 2002-2003 the numbers of Self
Help Group assisted with bank loan and subsidy were 171 covering 1775
numbers of Swarojgaries. |
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III. Sampoorna Grameen Rojgar Yojana (SGRY) - Stream-I :
This is a restructured programme of earlier EAS. The main objectives
of the programme are to create additional employment opportunities,
creation of durable community based social and economic assets etc.
The scheme is open to all rural people below poverty line who are
in need of wage employment. During the year 2002-2003 an amount of
Rs.15924.99 lakh had been spent along with supply of 118090 MT of
Rice to generate 289.69 lakh mandays. The physical assets created
under the programme during the year were 4223 Km. of Rural Roads,
1298 Nos. of School Buildings, 631 Nos. of Bridges/Culverts and 205
nos. of Community Halls. Under this Scheme special emphasis has been
given for upliftment of the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe people. |
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IV. Sampoorna Grameen Rojgar Yojana – Stream II :
This is restructured programme of earlier JGSY. The implementation
of the programme is entirely restored to the Gaon Panchayat to develop
infrastructures at village level. During 2002-2003 an amount of Rs.12593.75
lakh was spent under the scheme for generation of 227.65 lakh mandays.
The infrastructure created under the programme were 6053 Km. of Rural
Roads, 452 Nos. of School Buildings, 806 Nos. of Bridges/Culverts
and 779 Nos. of Community Halls. |
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V. Prime Minister’s Rojgar Yojana (PMRY) : The
PMRY is implemented both in urban as well as rural areas of the State
with a view to provide self-employment to the educated youths. The
scheme is implemented through District Industries Centre (DIC) of
the State. Any person between age group of 18 to 40 years with qualification
HSSLC examination passed/failed or ITI passed or having undergone
Government sponsored technical course for a minimum duration of six
months and his/her income ceiling is Rs.40,000 per annum is eligible
for assistance under this scheme. It covers a project upto Rs.2.00
lakh. The performance of PMRY for last five years in the State may
be seen in the Table-16.7. |
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VI. Chief Minister’s Swa-Niyojan Yojana : The
Government of Assam has launched a unique self-employment scheme called
“Chief Minister’s Swa-Niyojan Yojana” in the month
of September 2001 for imparting job oriented training to the educated
unemployed youths of the State in different industrially developed
states of the country. The status of the programme of Chief Minister’s
Swa-Niyojan Yojana as available upto August 2003 is furnished in Table-16.8. |
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VII. Small Scale Industry (SSI) and Handicrafts Units :
During the Ninth Five Year Plan, the number of Small Scale
Industries and Handicrafts units established in the State were 12,664
and 12,490 respectively with an employment of 42,340 nos. in SSI units
and 29,963 nos. in Handicrafts units. |
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VIII.Khadi and Village Industry : As per information
available the Khadi and Village Industries has provided employment
to 64,845 unemployed persons in the State during the year 2002-2003. |
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Similarly,
some other organisations have also taken up various programmes/ schemes
to generate employment opportunities for the unemployed youths of
the State. The Assam State Transport Corporation through “Self-Employment
Scheme 2001” is reported to have generated employment avenues
for about 6000 unemployed youths during the last two years. |
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| AVERAGE DAILY
WAGE RATE IN RURAL AREAS: |
16.6.0
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As
per data collected by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics,
Assam the Average Daily Wage Rate of Workers (carpenters, black-smith,
field-labour, herdsman and other agricultural male labour) shows a
more or less steady upward trend.(Table-16.9) |
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| INDUSTRIAL
DISPUTES: |
16.7.0.
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As
per report received from the Labour Commissioner, Assam altogether
24 numbers of industrial units of the State was involved in industrial
dispute during 2002 as against 7 numbers of industrial units in the
previous year. The number of man-days lost due to strike, lock-out
etc. was 2,25,976 during 2002 as against 15,932 during 2001. Further,
the value of production lost as a result of said disputes in 2002
has been estimated at Rs.473.43 lakh, which was Rs.15.89 lakh in the
previous year. |
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